Speed-regulator for phonographs.



A. RUCKGABER. SPEED REGULATORv FOR PHONOGRAPHS. v ARPLICATIYON FILED MAR. 6. I'QH.

' Patented Jan. 16,1917.

4 SHEETS-suini.

Arofmfr A. RUCKGABER. SPEED REGULATOR FOR PHONOGRAPHS.

v x APPLICATION FILEDMAR. 5 1914. f l l l 1,212,692. y 4 Patented Jan.16,1917.

Y I I 4` SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W/INESSES A. RUCKGABER.

` SPEED REGULATOB FOR PHONOGRAPHS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR- e. 1914.

12152,692. v Patented Jan.16,1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET s.

i; fi h 10i ne f ' A. RUCK'GABER. SPEED REGULATOR FOR PHoNoGRAPHs. r y APPLICATION man MAIL'G. 1914. 1,212,692. Patented Jan.16,}917.

44 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

W/ TNESES l i i nucizenznn, or snooiiLYN, NnwYoniz. I i srimnaneumron ron riioirbenuns. 4

1,212,692. yaaewai m-nnewihrem. Patented Jan.f1e,1917. Application med Iarch 6,1914. Serial 110.822,983. To all 'whom t may concern: 'V shaft 17, in orderfto have'the relative linear Be it known that I, ALBERT RUCKGABER', speed between the record-line and the stylus a citizen of the United States, anda resiremainy constant, .or, f otherwise stated, ytodent of Brooklyn, county o Kings, State have the angulars'peed increased o r de- 30 5.of New York, have invented certain new creased according' to whether the record anduseful Improvements in Speed-Regula- 'commences' at the periphery or near to the tors for Phonographs, of which the followcenter yof rotation.l In orderto have the inis a specification. f stylus coperate at the speed just stated, the his invention relates to, phonographs, swinging tone-arm 20, having itsfso'tmd-.pro- 65 o andl more particularly toimprovements `ducing member 21 at its free end and its' therein the object of which is toprovide stylus thereto secured, is movable at themeans for the regulation of the speed of the bearing 2311s is well known, but has a shaft record-disk. f f 25'supported in bearings 26 to which a sup- The invention' will be more fullydescribed port 27 is suitably secured by a thumlL-screw 70 hereinafter andfnally pointed 'out in vthe or e uivalent device indicated b'y- 28. This claims. -brac et 27 supports the permanent magnet In vthe accompanying drawings, Fi ure 1 28, which permanent magnet'isregulated in is a side-view, artly in section, of t e esits position by small thumb-screws 27 In sential parts o .the phonograph vnecessary order to lock the shaft 25 tothe tone-arm 20,` 75 for the carryingroutof my invention, Fig. 2 a locking-leverBO isprvided which is ivis a plan-view, ig. 3 isa verticalside-view, oted at 31, and engages the guide mem rs with parts in section, of another embodiment 32 and 33, suitable v other members r34 and of my invention, Fig. 4- lis a partial plan'- 35 being provided, into which the lockingview of they embodiment shown in Fig. 3, member 30 is moved, m theevent that the 3o Fig. 5 is a side-view of a vdetail vpart used in tone-arm iS t0 be used. ln a manner dleliilt "i the embodiment shownin Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a from that set forth heretofore, namely, 'in side-view of another embodiment in which such a case whereth'e record-disk is rotated, `an electric motor is used 'for rotating the lwith a variable linear velocity .of the rec- "disk, and showing r'the electric connections, Aoi'dline with. respect to the stylus, and as f v].\`ig.'7 is another embodiment ofthe parts COQSMI'/ angular 1701001161- By hIQWlIlg th?? used in connection" with the electric motor, switch 3 0 into the members $4 and 35", the L also showing the electric connections,.Fi`g. 8- tone-arm 20 isfree to rotate in thebearings is 'a side-view l of another embodiment in' 23:, but the magnet 28 1s gripped and hence it l which a magnetic clutch is used, and Fig. 9 `will be xed 1n tionm respect to the eo is aside-view ofanother embodiment using vmetal disk 1,8, ut 1 f the locking member a'magnetic clutch. 30 is thrown into action with the members Similar characters of reference indicate 32 and 33, then the shaft 25' is locked therecorresponding parts throughout the various t0, and the magnet-28 1s caused -to move corviews. "j j respondmgly. with the tone-arm.. `sa 40 Referring to the drawings, and more par- 4The spring in the casing 14 serves to, ro ticularly to Fig. 1, the frame 10 supportsthe tate, through the intermediate' 'mechamsm rotary shaft 11 having the record-support 12 described, the metal disk 18 and also :the thereon, on 'which is seated theJrecord-disk record-disk 13.' As, however, it .is desired 13. YThe support 12 .and record-disk 13 are to .have a constant linear velocity of theico 45 rotated in the'maniier well known bymeans record-line withl respectpto the sty us when 'of a ring, not shown, in the casing 14su using the Vdisk for reproducing. the selec-V j porte by suitable bracketsA .14, and by t e tion, it is first necessa to fix the mecha i unwinding of the spring 4the shaft r11 is ron Sm that the id iskfwil revolve. with the g '.tated. To the 'shaft-11 is secured a ar 15, same velocity with which the .original or loa 1 50 which meshes with a pinion 16 on a seaft 17, master Irecord was made. Thereafter the' ,to which shaft -a' `metal disk-18 Ais secured. stylus placed on the record-disk, either at With theexceptionlof this disk 18 andthe Aita periphery and caused 'to followthek operating arts thereof,' the parts are well `record-lineinwa l?, or it is placed at the 'known' an as used heretofore and may be interiorportion o the recorddisk and .tia 5d changed as occasion arises. The metal'disk caused to follow the recordfhiiev outwardly,

- 18 .is provided and suitably secured yto .the until near the peripheryv of the recprd-disk.-

In order to maintain this desired velocity constant Vthroughout the rendering of the piecetobe' played, Vit is necessary to provide a braking means, which will maintain the linear velocity of the record-Ime with respect to the stylus constant., For this purpos'e'the magnet is causedto *move correspondingly-to the tone-arm 20, and asthe magnet moves inwardly the drag onthe disk "is diminished and the angular velocity .of

kthe record is increased, in order to maintain lthe linear velocity of the `record-line with respect to the stylus constant, assuming that the stylus moves inwardly. The metal^disk v is provided with openings. of suitable con- These openings are shown in 2 'and Aindicated by 35, and may be figuration.

,id given anylsuitable configuration to be determined by experiment for the purposeof correcting the edects of' varying' friction, windage, etc. The object of these corrections is, that the. speed of rotation of the driving ,the record-disk, gives va constantV torque, ythe movement of the magnet traveling over thedisk toward the center will,

record will give a constant linear velocity of the record-line with respect to .the stylus lfor all positions of the stylus.

If the yunwinding of the spring contained in the' casing andeused f or the purpose vof cause the drag to diminish, but as the drivingtorque is constant, by. supposition, the

angular velocity of the disk will increase,

I moment ofthe spring. This follows be- 40fCa1'1sethe drag on the disk rotating. between until the increaseddrag caused by the increased speed, 'multiplied by the distance the magnet is from the center ofl thedisk,

(or the magnet torque-arm) v'plus the friction torque, is equal tothe driving torque 'the j awsof the permanent magnet is proe. inpropotion to the amount the torque-arm s portionalto the strength ofthe magnet, the number 'ofjjrevolutionsper 4mi-nute of thedisk, and tof the magnet torque-arm. As 4:5

- constant /for L anyE glven case, the torque thestrieng'tlrof the permanent magnetis a moment is therefore .proportional to .the

product of 151.16 -n umber of revolutions per` minute f-by''the torqueearm. Therefore the 'speed otrevolutionof the disk will' increase i of ,the-magnetis shortened. As this spring :depend-. upon the' torque"v of 'the' spring at that iinel""'Itf is tl'i'erefo're necessaryto arrange a mechanical element which'will measure this torque. Such a device is shown in Eig. 3, and is of the nature of ,a trasmlssion dynamometer, andvv therefore the pressure exerted lthe friction-disk 61 secured to the shaft 17,

`by the end of the dynamometer-arm is proportional to-the' torque.` This pressure is 'utilized to give a counter-torque or dra which will be independent of the Spee j Oneway would be to employ a magnetic drag lon the disk, -butas thisvaries with the J 0 speed, the drag would not be independent of the speed. For this purpose the casing '114, containing the spring, is arranged to be woundy up by means 'of the intermittent mechanism 41,- as shownin Fig. 3, and is be regulated. The end 53 of the arm 51 is movable' between members 55 to limit th'emovement thereof. The end'53 engages the 90 rod 56, which Ais suitably pivoted at '57, and the-free end of which is provided with a yoke 58, at the ends of which holders 59 are secured, to which friction members 60 are secured which are adapted to press against on which shaft the metal disk 18, passing through the permanentmagnet 28 supported on the member 27 of'thevshaft 25, is mounted. This'shaft 25 passes through the tone-arm 20 and is rotated in vaccordance 10o withthe movement of the tone-arm.l The .shaft 17 is rotated by means of mechanism consisting of the pinion 16 meshing with the gear 15 secured to the record-disk shaft 11, 105 which has a bevel gear 73 meshing with the bevel gear 74 on a shaft 75, to which shaft 7 5 a. pinion7 6 is secured, which meshes with the gear 77 on a shaft 77lvl secured V'to a loose sleeve 78 having a bevel gear 79, which. bevel 110 gear 79 is rotated by means of the intermeshing with the gears 46 and 47. As the gear42 is rotated, the Pinion 43 Yand shaft 44 are rotated in'correspondence therewith and transmit their motion through the intermediate gears 46 and 47 to the gear 79, gear 77, pinion 7 6, lgear 74, gear 73, shaft 11, f gear and pinion'. 15 and 16, and to the shaft 17, and thereby move the metal disk 18.

The connection of the dynamometer in the v above described.manner causesV the torque l of thespring to produce a counter-torque Y by means of the' friction-disks.v VThis counter-torque 'depends' lu}' on ,the pressure and ,is independentof the'pspeed.' The pres-. 125

sure of -the spring 40- is regulated` by means oftheadjustable member 52, sovthat any 'driving torque above'the desired torque'will 4overcome the action ofthe spring' 40 and produce a substantially eaualcounter-fricvcaused by the friction of the parts.

tional torque. The'equilibrium will belattained ywhen the driving torque is exactly `equal .to the sumsy of the magnetic torque,-

sum of the magnetic drag or torquev andy the torque of the frictionA in the bearings and of the air, as set forth; Since-the magnetic drag or torque is a constantand since the frictioncaused by thebearings and the air is practically a constant', the effectivetorque will also remain a constant.

As the effective torque is constant, 'the ef-A fect of the movement of the magnet 28 toward the center of the-disk 18 is to permit the increase of the speed of revolutionof the disk 18 in inverse proportion to the distance of the magnet 28 from the center of the disk 18, if the disk is solid. How ever,to

- produce the desired variation in the angular velocity, linear velocity, cuts 35 are made in the metal disk 18 so as to remove ysome of the material and to reduce the drag. The disk 18 may be of magnetic or non-magnetic'material.

If it is desired to `use an electric motor instead of a spring, fthe'arrangement shown 7to105 volts, or 5%, would mean'an increase the lload on the motor suiciently to restore,

. motor is shunt .or series wound;

of course, be very noticeable in the pitch of in Figs. 6, 7, alid9 may be installed. Hereltofore the. diiiculty o f using anA electric vmotor to operate a phonograph resided apparently in the variation ofspeed with the voltage changes. Thus, a change from 100 of speed of the same amount, whether the the sound of phonographs. In order to counteract this change in the voltage, itis proposed to use the place ofthe present ball-governor, a metal disk revolving between the poles of a permanent magnet to act as a load, which as beenheretofore described. This magnet, in .this particular case, wouldv bexed in relation to the disk by trial .orjexperiment If thevoltage remains constant, thevv conditions are uniform and the motor will run.

at the pro 'r speed. If, however, thevoltage shoul change, the d will increase in proportion, and for th1s reason thedisk is used with. the permanent magnet, together.

with another compensating magnet, yeither rmanent or electric, to increase or' decrease or rather maintain, the uniformspeed. In order lto increase or decreasefthe; load, 1t

. has an arm secured to the core of a solenoid 98.

slightly,

and to secure the desired constant,

This will,

ner similar to that a series motor, and to nseinV 105 secured thereto, n

gear 106; theshaft 107 is secured to the-gear4 115 has the magnet will not be suicient to vsimply use a compenvnal speed. It is rtherefore necessary, in

order to increase or decrease the drag suiiiciently,

to vary the position of the compensating magnet with reference to the disk.

For this purpose the electromagnet is provided, which 1s shown clearly in'Fig. 6, and indicatedv by v This electromagnet 90 is pivoted and movable on the bearing 91, and

92 extending therefrom .suit-l 30 ably secured to an arm 93, which is pivotally connected `with the beli-crank lever 94 pivotedvat 9,5, and'having its free end 9 6, Thus,

as the voltage increases, the current in the g5 solenoidv will -be increased in proportion,- which -`increase `will move the core 97 and hence move the magnet 90 on its vbearing 91 in respect to the metal disk 18.'v The electromagnet is thus. moved t0*- 90 ward or away from the center of the disk 18 28 to act as a constant brake uponthe metal .disk-18, so that if the current, through the coils *89 of thev lectromagnet 90, suddenly ceases, the mechanism will not attain a dangerous speed. This permanent magnet 28, however, merely acts 'as a safety-brake, and. its effect should not be. made large. metal disk 18 is secured 'to the shaft. 17 having' the 4pinion 16 and meshwith the gear 15, and the table 12 with its recorddisk 13and shaft 11, are arranged 1n a manshown i'n F1g.'1. motor-shaft 101 of the motor 137 has a pinion 102 'meshin with a gear. 103 towhich is secured a s aft 104 having a worm with a worm- 15. lThe permanent magnet is shown in Fig.

plied -to4 a machine for giving a constant linear .velocity spect to the stylus andthi's again has a per-" manent magnet 28 for the safety load,

90 with an energizing-coil 89 connected lwith the main line, and has the bearingb 91 of `the magnet 90 suitably sup-125 ported y the movabl racket-su port 27 '.secured by the screw 28l to the sha 25,-wh1ch` rotates' correspondin ly with the 'tone-arm 20, having the soun -producing mechamsm 2l-and the stylus22. The electromagnet 90 130 The 11o of .the record-line with re- 1'20 .is moved Vby means of the core 97 moving Within the solenoid 98, the core being pivhaving between their poles a metall disk 127,

which may be made of a magnetic or nonmagnetic material. The rotation of .the magnets 126 causes the disk 127 to rotate with them at a lower speed, depending upon the load upon the mechanism. The disk 127 turns the bevel gear 122 by means of their common shaft 128. The bevel -gear 122 meshes with the bevel gear 123 .upon the shaft 124, which is connected with the shaft 11 of the turntable 12 upon which the recr ord-disk 13 is mounted, as before set forth.

Upon the shaft 124'fisthe gear 125 that meshes Awith the pinion 136 vwhich is upon v-the shaft 17. This shaft also carries "the permanent magnet 28. By means of theser disk 18 revolving between the poles of the connections, the rotation of the disk 127 by the motor 137Il causes the rotation ofthe disk 18 between the poles of the magnet 28, which produces a drag or load upon. the

mechanism that determines the speed of ro` tation of the disk 127. The gear114 meshes with the pinion 113 upon the shaft 112 that carries the bevel gear 111 meshing with the bevel gear 110 upon the shaft 119. This shaft has the ball-governor 120, so that a constant speed of rotation of the motor shaft, hence of the magnets 126, is maintained. .The permanent magnet 28 is connected to the tone-arm, as has been set forth.

In Fig. 9 another embodiment of my invention is shown, in which the series'electric motor137 rotates the shaft 124B. On this shaft isv the pinion 123n meshing with -the gear 1255, which rotates the disk 121 on which are mounted the magnets 126, which form a magnetic clutch with the disk 127,

' as has'been setffo'rth. The disk 127 actuates the Worm 105, which meshes withv the corresponding worm-gearf106 on the shaft 107 and rotates the turntable 12 and the record-disk 13, as has been set forth. On the shaft 107 is mounted the gear 15 which meshes'with the pinion l16 mounted upon the shaft-17.l On thissbaft 17 is mounted the disk.18 revolving 'between the poles of lthe 4' permanent magnet 28, which Qis secured to the tone-arm by means'of thev bracket 27, as has already been set forth. On the shaftv 4124? is also mounted the disk 12,8 revolving between the poles of the electro-magnet90 energized by the coil 89 and pivoted in bearings 91. This' electro-magnet 90 is caused to swing by the movement of the core 97 in the solenoid coil 98, which is connected tothe electromagnet 90 by means of the lever96 connected to the lever 94 pivoted at 95 and attached to the lever93. The reverse movement of the electromagnet 90 is supplied lby a spring, as has already been set forth, and shown for instance, by the ref` erence character 100 in Fig. 7 The electromagnet 90 is thusmoved toward or away from the center of the disk 128e as the voltage is increased or decreased, thus counteractlng the effect of themcreased or decreased voltage, 1n moreaslng or decreaslng vthe speed of rotation.

I have described several embodiments of my invention, but changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

I claim: y y,

v1. In a phonograph having a record-disk, al movable tone-arm, means for moving the record-disk,a rotary member rotated with vthe record-disk, and means movable by the Vtone-arm, the lastnamedpmeans and rotary member 'being movable in respect to each other, and being in magnetic relation with respect to each other, for the purpose of regulating the'speed of the record-disk.

2. In a phonograph having a record-disk, means for movmg the same, a tone-arm, a

.rotarymem'ber rotatable with the recordydisk, anda magnetic member movable by the tone-arm in respect to the rotary member, thereby causing a braking action on the rotary member.

' 3. In a phonograph,lthe combination of a record disk, means for moving the same. andaJ stylus relatively movable to said record disk, with a member movable with said record disk, anda magnetic member vcoacting .with "said first-named member and in magnetic relationship therewith, one of said members being movable in respect to the other, .the action of said magnetic member upon said first named member beingautomatically changed to cprrespond with, 'and to .compensate for, any tendency to/ehange the relative linear velocity of the record line to the stylus from a predetermined relative linear velocity' 'of the record line; to the stylus, so as to obtain a predetermined linear velocity of the record line'in respect to the stylus at. any 'position of the stylus in respect tofthe 4record line.

4. Inl a phonograph having a stylus, a

record-disk, and means for moving the same, alrotatable'metallic member rotating with the record-disk, and ajl'riaguetic member, movable 1n respect to the metallic'member, and'means for causing the jmovement 130 of the magnetic member in `respect lto the metallic member to correspond to the moveneilt of the stylus in respectto the record- 5. In `a phonograph having a stylus, a record-disk, and means for moving the same, a metal braking disk moved by said means, a magnetic braking member coperating with said metalA disk, a support for the stylus, a support for the magnetic braking4 member, and a connecting member for the stylus vand braking-member supports. ,i

6. In a phonograph having a stylus, a record-disk,'and means'for moving the same, a metal braking disk ymovedby said means having a cut-out portion, a magnetic brakmg lmember coperating with said metal disk and with said cut-out portion, and means connecting the stylus with the braking member for-'causing the movement of the braking member in respect .tothe metal diskto correspond with the movement of the stylusv in respect to the record-disk.

7. In a phonograph having a stylus, a record disk, and means for moving the record disk, transmission means between said means and the record disk, a magnetic clutch interposed within said transmission means, a` metal disk movable by said transmission means, a magnetic braking member coperating with said metaldisk; and. means connecting the stylus with the magnetic bralngv member for causing the movement of the said braking member with respect lto the metal disk to correspond with the move-` ment of the stylus with .respect to the -record disk. f y

8. In a phonograph-having a stylus, a recy ord-disk, and a series electric motor,.trans y 40 missionV means between the electric motor and vthe record-disk, a magnetic clutchI interposed within said transmission means, a

l metal diskgmovable by. said. transmission means, a magnetic braking member coperatmgjwitlr said metal disk, and means 'connectmg the st'fylus `with the magnetic braking member or causing the movement yof the braking member in respect to the metal" disk to correspond with` the movement vof the stylus in respect to the lrecord-disk..

"9. In a phonograph haying a' stylus, a record-disk, and a series electric motor, transmission means* between the electricmomember coperating with said metal disk,

means connecting the stylus with the magnetic braking member for causing the movement of the braking member in respect to the metal disk to correspond with the movement of the stylus in respect to the recorddisk, and means for varying the load on the motor in order to maintain the desired velocity ofthe record-disk independent'of any fluctuation in the voltage of the supply-circuit to thegmotor.

10. In a phonograph having a record disk, a reproducing member movable relatively to the record disk, means for moving the record disk, 'a rotary member rotated ywith the record disk, and magnetic means movable in a'stylus coacting therewith, a rotary member, and means movable by the stylus and movable in respect to the rotary member, and in magnetic relationship therewith..

12. la phonograph, the combination of a record medium, a medium coacting therewith, and members `magnetically coacting with each `other,.witl1 means for changing the position of one of said magnetically col acting members relatively to the other, upon thel change of position of the said` coacting mediuml on the record medium, and means whereby a change of the relative linear velocity medium at the coacting point is produced, n the change of position of one of the magnetically coacting members relatively to the other. n In testimony, 4that I claim the 'foregoing as my inventionkI have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

, i ALBERTRUCKGABER.

Witnesses:v

F. Hom,

Jos. BrsnANn.

of the record medium and coacting 

